The science of energy and ageing: how NMN & NAD+ work in the body

From biohacking techniques to exercise routines, the pursuit of a longer, healthier life has been the topic of conversation in the health and wellness world for years. But now, scientists and wellness enthusiasts alike are turning their attention to the tiniest components of our cells and exploring their potential link to how well, and perhaps how long, we live.

Life as we know it simply can’t exist without this tiny molecule, as it’s found in all living cells. NAD+ is a coenzyme, which means it helps enzymes (proteins which drive chemical reactions) within your body to do their jobs efficiently.¹ Without coenzymes like NAD+, these enzymes can’t work properly and some bodily processes can slow down. One of NAD+’s most important roles is in the mitochondria, which are where most of your cells’ energy is generated. Here, NAD+ helps convert nutrients from food into energy. NAD+ also supports processes that help your cells repair everyday wear and tear, communicate properly and keep your energy and metabolism running smoothly.²

If NAD+ is the engine that powers your cells, then NMN is one of the key components that helps keep that engine running. Think of it as a building block, or a precursor, meaning the body uses it to make NAD+ through a series of chemical reactions.⁴

“The decline of NAD+ as we age has captured the attention of research groups around the world because it appears to play a role in many aspects of health,” Dr Verstraeten explains. “Numerous animal studies suggest that when NAD+ levels decline, mitochondria (the cell’s energy factories) may work less efficiently, DNA repair processes can be impaired and cells may become more vulnerable to stress. In these models, NMN supplementation raises NAD+ levels and appears to improve several of these age-related cellular functions.”⁶

While interest and research in this area have grown rapidly, especially around how these molecules might influence biological ageing, current human evidence is still emerging.⁷ Scientists are still learning how they work in the human body over the long term, who may benefit most and how they fit into overall health.

We all know that eating a varied, balanced diet with lots of fruits and vegetables is best for our health and wellbeing, and turns out, this may also help support our NAD+ levels. Dr Verstraeten explains that, “while NAD+ itself isn't directly obtained from the diet, it can be formed in the body from several precursors found in food, including NA and NAM (vitamin B3 forms), tryptophan and NR.”¹¹ 

Whilst the jury may still be out on whether NAD+ and NMN support healthy ageing, the good news is there are plenty of evidence-based ways to support your body as you get older - starting with everyday habits, like:

When it comes to healthy ageing, it’s easy to hope for a miracle supplement that holds all the answers. NAD+ and NMN have certainly sparked excitement, with the science suggesting they play important roles in how our cells age and repair themselves, but the story is still unfolding. Ageing is a complex journey we all take, shaped by how we move, eat, sleep and so much more. Focusing on nourishing food, regular movement, good sleep and habits that support your overall wellbeing are among the most powerful tools for living healthier.

Disclaimer – This article provides informational advice and is not a substitute for medical care. Working with experts for accuracy, we take great care to ensure the information is up-to-date and relevant. However, you should always consult your GP or healthcare professional before using supplements or alternative products, particularly if you have medical conditions or are under supervision.